Events

January–March

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...

–

Mustafa III Mustafa III (; ''Muṣṭafā-yi sālis''; 28 January 1717 – 21 January 1774) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774. He was a son of Sultan Ahmed III (1703–30), and his consort Mihrişah Kadın. He was succeeded by his ...

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, dies and is succeeded by his brother

Abdul Hamid I Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid I ( ota, عبد الحميد اول, ''`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel''; tr, Birinci Abdülhamid; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to ...

. *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

** An angry crowd in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...

seizes, tars, and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane. ** British industrialist John Wilkinson

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

s a method for boring

cannon A cannon is a large- caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder ...

from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

cylinders. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– The

Privy Council of Great Britain The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians who are current or former members of e ...

, as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

– France's Parliament votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving

Pierre Beaumarchais Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (; 24 January 1732 – 18 May 1799) was a French polymath. At various times in his life, he was a watchmaker, inventor, playwright, musician, diplomat, spy, publisher, horticulturist, arms dealer, satirist ...

of all rights and duties of citizenship. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...

– The volunteer fire company of

Trenton, New Jersey Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. It was the capital of the United States from November 1 to December 24, 1784.February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– The

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the Thirteen Colonies, thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III of England, William III and Mary II ...

House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...

– The ''Boston Journal'' makes the first reference to the " Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies." *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

–

Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws aimed to punish Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest of the Tea Act, a tax measure ...

: The

British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative supremacy ...

passes the

Boston Port Act The Boston Port Act, also called the Trade Act 1774, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774. It was one of five measures (variously called the ''Intolerable Acts'', the ...

, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for the

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea ...

.Gordon Carruth, ed., ''The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates'' 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp80-82

April–June

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

– The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by

Theophilus Lindsey Theophilus Lindsey (20 June 1723 O.S.3 November 1808) was an English theologian and clergyman who founded the first avowedly Unitarian congregation in the country, at Essex Street Chapel. Early life Lindsey was born in Middlewich, Cheshire, t ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

– The premiere of ''

Iphigénie en Aulide ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' (''Iphigeneia in Aulis'') is an opera in three acts by Christoph Willibald Gluck, the first work he wrote for the Paris stage. The libretto was written by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet and was based on Jean ...

'' by

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the

Querelle des Bouffons The ("Quarrel of the Comic Actors"), also known as the ("War of the Comic Actors"), was the name given to a battle of musical philosophies that took place in Paris between 1752 and 1754. The controversy concerned the relative merits of French a ...

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

–

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather,

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reache ...

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

– The colony of

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &n ...

–

Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a Millenarianism, millenarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian sect founded in England and then organized in the Unit ...

Ann Lee Ann Lee (29 February 1736 – 8 September 1784), commonly known as Mother Ann Lee, was the founding leader of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or the Shakers. After nearly two decades of participation in a re ...

and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for

colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

. *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

–

: A new

Quartering Act The Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of Britain's North American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny A ...

, requiring

American colonists The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– 17 – English explorer

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Palmerston Island Palmerston Island is a coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean about northwest of Rarotonga. James Cook landed there on 16 June 1774. Overview Palmerston Island is one of a number of sandy islets on a continuous ring of coral reef ...

in the South Pacific Ocean. * June 20 (June 9 O.S.) –

Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a major armed conflict that saw Russian arms largely victorious against the Ottoman Empire. Russia's victory brought parts of Moldavia, the Yedisan between the rivers Bug and Dnieper, and Crimea into the ...

Battle of Kozludzha The Battle of Kozludzha (also known as the Battle of Kozluca), fought on 20 June (Old Style - June 9) 1774 near the village of Kozludzha (now Suvorovo, Bulgaria), was one of the final and decisive battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). ...

– The

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

, led by

Alexander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy ...

, routs numerically superior

forces. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...

– The Parliament of Great Britain passes the

Quebec Act The Quebec Act 1774 (french: Acte de Québec), or British North America (Quebec) Act 1774, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which set procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. One of the principal components of the Act w ...

, setting out rules of governance for the colony of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio and granting freedom of religion for Roman Catholics.

July–September

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...

–

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

and the

sign the

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ( tr, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; russian: Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kayna ...

with Russian victory, ending six years of war. The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...

– The element

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as wel ...

is discovered for the third (and last, so far) time – the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrog ...

(1771–1772) by

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...

, who publishes the fact in

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

, and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first). *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

–

and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

–

Powder Alarm The Powder Alarm was a major popular reaction to the removal of gunpowder from a magazine near Boston by British soldiers under orders from General Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, on September 1, 1774. In respo ...

Thomas Gage General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/192 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of th ...

, royal governor of the

, orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a

magazine A magazine is a periodical publication, generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, purchase price, prepaid subscriptions, or by a combinatio ...

, causing

Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...

s to prepare for war. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– English explorer

becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. * 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava * 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...

– The

First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies that became the United States. It met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after the British Navy ...

assembles in

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

. *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...

–

Yemelyan Pugachev Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (russian: Емельян Иванович Пугачёв; c. 1742) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks who led a great popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. Pugachev claimed to be Catherine's ...

, leader of

Pugachev's Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (, ''Vosstaniye Pugachyova''; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine ...

against Russia by the

Yaik Cossacks The Ural Cossack Host was a cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river. They were also known by the names: *Rus ...

, is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (now

Oral, Kazakhstan Oral ( kz, Орал, translit=Oral ), known in Russian as Uralsk, is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chagan rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river, it is c ...

). *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

–

George Mason George Mason (October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of the three delegates present who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings, including s ...

and

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

found the

Fairfax County Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. ...

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Association, a military unit independent of British control. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...

–

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as trea ...

's semi-autobiographical

epistolary novel An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly diary entries and newspaper clippings, and sometimes considered ...

The Sorrows of Young Werther ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (; german: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) is a 1774 epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, which appeared as a revised edition in 1787. It was one of the main novels in the ''Sturm ...

'' (''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'') (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the ''

Sturm und Drang ''Sturm und Drang'' (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto- Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particul ...

'' movement and

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

October–December

October 10 Events Pre-1600 * 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. * 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. *1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with ...

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. H ...

–

Battle of Point Pleasant The Battle of Point Pleasant, also known as the Battle of Kanawha, was the only major action of Dunmore's War. It was fought on October 10, 1774, between the Virginia militia and Shawnee and Mingo warriors. Along the Ohio River near modern-day P ...

Cornstalk Cornstalk (c. 1720? – November 10, 1777) was a Shawnee leader in the Ohio Country in the 1760s and 1770s. His name in the Shawnee language was Hokoleskwa. Little is known about his early life. He may have been born in the Province of Pennsylv ...

is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the

Treaty of Camp Charlotte Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. H ...

, ceding

Shawnee The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. In the 17th century they lived in Pennsylvania, and in the 18th century they were in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with some bands in Kentucky a ...

land claims south of the

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

(modern

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...

) to

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

. ** English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...

– The

in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...

– The

passed the

Continental Association The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the American colonies adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 20, 1774. It called for a trade boycott against ...

, a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies were also halted on the Congresses recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments." *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– The word ''Liberty'' is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in

Taunton, Massachusetts Taunton is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the county seat, seat of Bristol County. Taunton is situated on the Taunton River which winds its way through the city on its way to Mount ...

, in defiance of British rule in

Colonial America The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of North America from the early 17th century until the incorporation of the Thirteen Colonies into the United States after the Revolutionary War. In the ...

. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

– The

Edenton Tea Party The Edenton Tea Party was a political protest in Edenton, North Carolina, in response to the Tea Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1773. Inspired by the Boston Tea Party and the calls for tea boycotts and the resolutions of the first North ...

takes place in

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause. *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. * 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally b ...

– The first

adjourns in

. *

November 4 Events Pre-1600 *1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. *1493 – Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. *1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's ...

– The

Maryland Jockey Club The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. The Jockey Club was founded more than 30 years before the start of the Revolutionary War and is chartered as the oldest sporting organizat ...

follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...

– 1774 British general election: Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and

Lord North Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 17325 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was 12th Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most o ...

retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats.

Henry Seymour Conway Field Marshal Henry Seymour Conway (1721 – 9 July 1795) was a British general and statesman. A brother of the 1st Marquess of Hertford, and cousin of Horace Walpole, he began his military career in the War of the Austrian Succession. He ...

's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. *1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...

– The government of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

allows adventurer and ladies' man

Giacomo Casanova Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (, ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice. His autobiography, (''Story of My Life''), is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of information about the c ...

to return home after a 17-year absence. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. * 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

–

Daniel Boone Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer and frontiersman whose exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyond the we ...

retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...

–

Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev ( ba, Салауат Юлай-улы; russian: Салават Юлаев; 16 June 1756 – 8 October 1800) was a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion, warrior, poet and singer. Biography Salawat Yula ...

, the leader of the

Bashkirs , native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace ...

rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection. *

November 26 Events Pre-1600 * 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. * 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynast ...

– English chemist

becomes the first person to discover and identify

sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic gas responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activ ...

. *

November 27 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. * 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...

– Spanish Navy Captain

Domingo de Bonechea Domingo Bernardo de Bonechea Andonaegui ( eu, Domingo Bonetxea Andonaegi), born on September 21, 1713, in Getaria, Basque Country, Spain, died in Tahiti on January 26, 1775, was a captain in the Spanish Royal Navy and an explorer for the Spanis ...

arrives at

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austr ...

in the ship ''Aguila'' and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 * 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

**Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

and Prime Minister North. **

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence. *

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. *1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

– A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 *1060 – Béla I of Hungary, Béla I is crowned king of Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, Hungary. *1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, Siege of Kiev (1240), falls to the Mongols u ...

– Archduchess

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12. *

December 9 Events Pre-1600 * 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. * 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al- ...

– The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,

Mohammed ben Abdallah ''Sidi'' Mohammed ben Abdallah ''al-Khatib'' ( ar, سيدي محمد بن عبد الله الخطيب), known as Mohammed III ( ar, محمد الثالث), born in 1710 in Fes and died on 9 April 1790 in Meknes, was the Sultan of Morocco from 175 ...

, attack the North African Spanish colony of

Melilla Melilla ( , ; ; rif, Mřič ; ar, مليلية ) is an autonomous city of Spain located in north Africa. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was par ...

(which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century). *

December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndas ...

– King

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was e ...

issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during

Lent Lent ( la, Quadragesima, 'Fortieth') is a solemn religious observance in the liturgical calendar commemorating the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke ...

" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."

Date unknown

* To avoid severe flooding, Martinsborough,

is moved to higher ground west. The

North Carolina General Assembly The North Carolina General Assembly is the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of the Government of North Carolina, State government of North Carolina. The legislature consists of two chambers: the North Carolina Senate, Senate and the North Ca ...

incorporates Martinsborough as the new seat of Pitt County, 3 years after its founding. * German cobbler

Johann Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of Sandal (footwear), sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured Cork (material), cork footbeds (soles) made with lay ...

creates the first

Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured cork footbeds (soles) made with layers of suede and jute, which conf ...

sandals Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can some ...

. * A revision of the

laws of cricket The ''Laws of Cricket'' is a code which specifies the rules of the game of cricket worldwide. The earliest known code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in Lond ...

introduces a

leg before wicket Leg before wicket (lbw) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket. Following an appeal by the fielding side, the umpire may rule a batter out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket but was instead in ...

rule.

Births

Tryphosa Jane Wallis actress square by Graham

RoseFortuneNovaScotiaArchievesandRecordsManagement

Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants (cropped)

Carl_Freiherr_Haller_von_Hallerstein_by_Otto_Magnus_von_Stackelberg

Portrait_of_Count_Pavel_Stroganoff_(1772-1817)

Johann Friedrich August Tischbein - Christiane Amalie Erbprinzessin von Anhalt-Dessau

Samuel_William_Reynolds_-_Mrs_Arbuthnot_-_B1970

Robert Southey - Project Gutenberg eText 13619

Elizabeth Ann Seton portrait by Amabilia Filicchi

Gerhard von Kügelgen portrait of Friedrich

Marie_Ellenrieder_-_Ignaz_Heinrich_von_Wessenberg_(%C3%96aL_1819)

Joseph Paelinck - Frederica Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands - 56

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Lancelot Baugh Allen Lancelot Baugh Allen (1 January 1774 – 28 October 1845) was Master of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich from 1811 to 1820. He was the son of John Bartlett Allen, a local landowner and colliery owner in Cresselly, Pembrokeshire. Allen had on ...

, Master of Dulwich College (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...

) **

André Marie Constant Duméril André Marie Constant Duméril (1 January 1774 – 14 August 1860) was a French zoologist. He was professor of anatomy at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1801 to 1812, when he became professor of herpetology and ichthyology. His ...

, French zoologist (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusett ...

) **

Pietro Giordani Pietro Giordani (January 1, 1774 – September 2, 1848) was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi. Biography Born in Piacenza, Giordani originally set out to become a monk. But ...

, Italian writer (d. 1848) ** James Johnson (Kentucky politician), James Johnson, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d. 1826) ** William Piper, American politician (d. 1852) * January 2 – Thomas Lynn, British soldier (d. 1847) * January 3 – Juan Aldama, Jugador de Beisbole (d. 1811) * January 4 ** Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1832) ** Edward Dubois (wit), Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d. 1850) ** William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838) * January 5 – George Chinnery, British artist (d. 1852) * January 6 ** Ole Elias Holck, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d. 1842) ** James McCall (politician), James McCall, American politician (d. 1856) * January 7 ** Anna Bunina, Russian poet (d. 1829) ** Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d. 1806) * January 8 – John Gibbons (cricketer), John Gibbons, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844) * January 10 ** Augustin de Macarty, American politician (d. 1844) ** Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d. 1796) ** William Stewart (British Army officer, born 1774), William Stewart, British military officer (d. 1827) * January 11 ** Antoine Drouot, French general (d. 1847) ** Charles Henry Schwanfelder, British artist (d. 1837) ** Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d. 1848) * January 12 – William Cahoon, American politician (d. 1833) * January 14 – Benjamin Aislabie, cricketer (d. 1842) * January 16 – Daniel Evans (minister), Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d. 1835) * January 17 ** Marie-Thérèse Figueur, French writer (d. 1861) ** Maria Theresa Kemble, British actress (d. 1838) ** Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d. 1861) * January 18 ** Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d. 1823) ** James Millingen, British archaeologist (d.

) * January 19 – Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d. 1846) * January 20 – Charles George Beauclerk, British Member of Parliament (d.

) *

– William Kenrick (1774–1829), William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d. 1829) * January 22 – Francesco Fuoco, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841) * January 23 – Richard Southgate (politician), Richard Southgate, American politician (d. 1857) * January 24 ** Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d. 1861) ** Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx, Belgian politician (d. 1863) * January 25 – Jules-Paul Pasquier, French jurist (d. 1858) * January 29 ** Olinthus Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1841) ** Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1849) * January 30 – Samuel Butler (schoolmaster), Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1839) * January 31 ** William Blake (economist), William Blake, British economist; (d. 1852) ** William George Maton, English physician (d. 1835) ** Thomas Veazey, American politician (d. 1842) ** Phineas Waller, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)

February

* February 1 ** John Douglas (died 1838), John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838) ** Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d. 1840) * February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d. 1828) *

** Edward Cross (zoo proprietor), Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d. 1854) ** Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d. 1825) * February 4 – Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist (d. 1820) *

– Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d. 1823) *

– Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d. 1850) * February 8 ** Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838) ** Samuel Moore (congressman), Samuel Moore, American politician (d. 1861) ** Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d. 1852) * February 9 ** William Lattimore, American physician and politician (d. 1843) ** Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843) * February 11 ** Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d. 1854) ** Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d. 1847) * February 12 – Valentin Stanič, Austrian teacher (d. 1847) * February 13 ** Robert Curzon (MP), Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d. 1863) ** Thomas Myers, British mathematician (d. 1834) * February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d. 1799) * February 16 ** Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820) ** Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830) * February 17 ** Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d. 1858) ** Raphaelle Peale, painter from the United States (d. 1825) * February 18 – William Clark (congressman), William Clark, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

** Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, British and Hanoverian Royal (d. 1850) ** Archibald Constable, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1827) ** Perley Keyes, American politician (d. 1834) ** Robert S. Rose, American politician (d. 1835) ** Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1850) ** Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d. 1861) * February 25 – George Gore (priest), George Gore, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844) * February 26 ** Joseph Bédard (Lower Canada politician), Joseph Bédard, Canadian politician (d. 1832) ** William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d. 1839) ** Richard Rouse (Australian colonial settler), Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d. 1852) * February 27 – Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d. 1801) * February 28 ** Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, King of Mysore (d. 1796) ** Thomas Tooke, British economist (d. 1858)

March

* March 1 ** Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d. 1835) ** Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d. 1819) * March 2 ** Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830) ** Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d. 1840) * March 4 – Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American politician (d. 1811) * March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d. 1842) * March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d. 1849) * March 9 ** Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of ''Topaz (ship), Topaz'', rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in 1808 (d. 1828) ** Louis Auguste Say, French economist (d. 1840) *

– David Semyonovich Abamelik, principal (d. 1833) * March 12 ** Johann Caspar Horner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1834) ** John Scott (engraver), John Scott, English engraver (d. 1827) ** Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d. 1836) * March 13 ** Rose Fortune, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1864) ** Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (d. 1833) * March 14 ** Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d. 1841) ** Jedediah Morgan, American politician (d. 1826) * March 15 ** John Conrad Otto, American physician (d. 1844) ** Salomon Soldin, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d. 1837) ** Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d. 1856) * March 16 ** Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814) ** Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d. 1834) * March 19 – Franz von Gruithuisen, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d. 1852) * March 20 – Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d. 1842) * March 21 – George Scovell, British Army general (d. 1861) * March 24 – Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, French botanist (d. 1849) * March 25 ** Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre, British politician (d. 1851) ** Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851) * March 30 – Nathaniel Peabody (Boston), Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d. 1855) *

** Enos Bronson, American writer (d. 1823) ** Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d. 1835)

April

* April 1 ** Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d. 1837) ** Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d. 1841) ** Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d. 1837) * April 5 – Thomas Potter (mayor), Thomas Potter, British politician (d.

) * April 6 ** José de Córdoba y Rojas, Spanish admiral (d. 1810) ** Marmaduke Williams, American politician (d. 1850) * April 7 ** Joseph Bailly, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d. 1835) ** Robert William Elliston, British actor (d. 1831) ** Abner Kneeland, United States theologian (d. 1844) * April 8 ** Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815) ** Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d. 1832) ** James William Freshfield, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864) * April 9 – John Stanly (politician), John Stanly, American politician (d. 1834) * April 11 ** Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d. 1853) ** Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d. 1854) ** Lawrence Augustine Washington, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824) * April 12 ** Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851) ** Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1847) * April 13 – John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862) * April 15 – Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851) * April 16 ** George Bennet (missionary), George Bennet, English missionary (d. 1841) ** Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d. 1850) *

** Friedrich Koenig, German printer (d. 1833) ** Robert Spankie, British politician, barrister (d. 1842) ** Václav Tomášek, Czech music educator and composer (d. 1850) * April 18 ** Antonio Basoli, Italian painter (d. 1848) ** Madhavrao II, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d. 1795) ** Georg von Langsdorff, Russian-German scientist (d. 1852) *

– Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d.

) * April 21 ** Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1833) ** Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862) ** Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d. 1829) * April 23 – Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865) * April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838) * April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d. 1840) * April 26 ** Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist (d. 1853) ** Anne Jean Marie René Savary, French general (d. 1833) * April 28 ** Francis Baily, British astronomer (d. 1844) ** Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British noble (d. 1844) ** James Deacon Hume, British economist (d. 1842) ** Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d. 1806) ** Manuel Piar, Venezuelan general (d. 1817) * April 29 ** Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d. 1826) ** Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d. 1856) ** David Hoadley (architect), David Hoadley, American architect (d. 1839) ** Richard Sass, British artist (d. 1849) * April 30 – John Yelloly, English doctor (d. 1842)

May

* May 1 ** John Reeves (naturalist), John Reeves, English naturalist (d. 1856) ** Robert Watt (bibliographer), Robert Watt, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d. 1819) * May 2 ** George Lewis (Royal Marines officer), George Lewis, Royal Marines officer (d. 1854) ** Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d. 1837) * May 4 ** Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d. 1840) ** Rufus Easton, American politician (d. 1834) * May 5 ** Robert Barrie, British naval officer (d. 1841) ** Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d. 1809) * May 6 ** Pierce Butler (Kilkenny MP, born 1774), Pierce Butler, British politician (d. 1846) ** John Elias, Welsh writer and preacher (d. 1841) ** Christoph von Lieven, Russian general and prince (d. 1839) * May 7 ** William Bainbridge, United States Navy officer (d. 1833) ** Jonathan Makepeace, U.S. politician (d. 1850) * May 11 – James Townley (Methodist), James Townley, English Wesleyan minister and author (d. 1833) * May 12 ** Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853) ** Samuel Owen (engineer), Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d. 1854) ** Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d. 1854) * May 14 ** Joseph Bouchette, Canadian surveyor (d. 1841) ** Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d. 1835) * May 15 – Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d. 1856) * May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d.

) * May 18 – Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855) * May 21 ** Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812) ** Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820) * May 22 ** James Bennett (minister), James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862) ** Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d. 1856) * May 24 ** Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d. 1862) ** Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d.

) ** Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843) * May 25 ** Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828) ** John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851) * May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d. 1827) * May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d. 1857) * May 28 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)

June

* June 1 ** Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d. 1849) ** Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d. 1836) *

– William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d. 1850) * June 3 ** John Roblin, Canadian politician (d. 1813) ** Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d. 1810) * June 5 ** Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d. 1841) ** Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d. 1857) * June 6 ** Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824) ** János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d. 1847) ** Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d. 1846) * June 8 – Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d. 1839) * June 9 ** Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d. 1832) ** Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d. 1856) ** Edward King (Royal Navy officer), Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807) ** Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d. 1829) ** Christopher Wordsworth (divine), Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d. 1846) * June 10 ** George Dollond, British astronomer (d. 1852) ** Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817) * June 11 ** Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d. 1823) ** George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859) * June 13 – Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d. 1857) * June 14 ** David Low Dodge, American theologian (d. 1852) ** Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d. 1846) * June 17 – Asahel Stearns, American politician (d. 1839) * June 18 ** Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d. 1840) ** Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817) * June 19 ** Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d. 1848) ** Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d. 1841) ** Leonard Woods (theologian), Leonard Woods, American theologian (d. 1854) * June 21 ** James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843) ** Daniel D. Tompkins, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 6th Vice President of the United States (d. 1825) * June 23 ** François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d. 1839) ** Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d. 1854) * June 24 ** Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d. 1819) ** John Cole (music publisher), John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855) ** Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d.

) ** François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838) ** Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d. 1848) ** Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844) ** Edward Taylor (MP for Canterbury), Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843) * June 25 – James Gage, Canadian businessman (d. 1854) * June 29 – Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1846)

July

* July 5 ** George Butler (headmaster), George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853) ** Charles Herbert (Royal Navy officer, born 1774), Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808) * July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812) * July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d. 1806) * July 10 – Isaac Bullard (Massachusetts politician), Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808) * July 11 ** Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d. 1854) ** Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d. 1841) ** Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d. 1852) * July 12 ** Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d. 1834) ** James Stuart (1774–1833), James Stuart, politician (d. 1833) * July 14 ** Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d. 1825) ** Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d. 1842) ** Francis Lathom, British writer (d. 1832) * July 17 – John Wilbur (Quaker minister), John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d. 1856) * July 20 ** Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d. 1839) ** Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d. 1852) * July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d. 1857) * July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d. 1840) * July 28 ** Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d. 1850) ** John West (Royal Navy officer), John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862) * July 29 – Edward Wakefield (statistician), Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d. 1854) * July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864) * July 31 ** Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853) ** Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d. 1840)

August

** John Adam (silversmith), John Adam, silversmith (d. 1848) ** Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853) ** Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d. 1839) * August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d. 1829) * August 5 ** Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d. 1842) ** John C. Devereux, American politician (d. 1848) *

– Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859) * August 7 ** François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855) ** William Morgan (anti-Mason), William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d. 1826) * August 9 ** George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d. 1841) ** Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d. 1852) * August 11 ** Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d. 1854) ** Joseph Franque, French painter (d. 1833) ** Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d. 1849) ** François Tassé, Canadian politician (d. 1832) * August 12 ** Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d. 1857) ** Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d. 1832) ** Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d. 1839) ** Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843) * August 13 ** Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d. 1823) ** John Wilson (painter, born 1774), John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855) * August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d. 1852) * August 17 ** George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871) ** Stephan von Breuning (librettist), Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d. 1827) * August 18 ** Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816) ** Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809) * August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d. 1861) * August 20 ** Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853) ** Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d. 1841) * August 22 ** François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812) ** Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d. 1839) * August 23 ** Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853) ** Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d. 1849) ** Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d. 1863) ** William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d. 1842) * August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d. 1848) * August 25 – Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815) * August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d. 1840) * August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821) * August 30 – Henri Van Assche, painter (d. 1841) * August 31 – Charles Turner (engraver), Charles Turner, English engraver (d. 1857)

September

** George Platt (politician), George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816) ** Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d. 1842) *

** Enos Collins, Canadian businessman (d. 1871) ** Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d. 1840) * September 7 ** Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d. 1850) ** Colin Halkett, British Army general (d. 1856) * September 8 ** Richard Ashley (musician), Richard Ashley, English viola player (d. 1836) ** Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824) * September 9 – Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855) * September 14 ** Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d. 1839) ** Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853) ** Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d. 1839) *

** Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853) ** María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d. 1840) * September 17 ** William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1857) ** Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d.

) * September 19 ** Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d. 1849) ** Coulson Wallop, English politician (d. 1807) *

– John Peter Grant (MP), John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d. 1848) * September 24 ** Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d. 1848) ** Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838) ** Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d. 1842) * September 25 ** Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828) ** Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d. 1834) * September 26 – Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d.

) * September 27 ** John Griscom, American chemist (d. 1852) ** Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d. 1835) * September 28 ** Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d. 1836) ** Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d. 1848) * September 30 ** Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d. 1842) ** George Mathews (judge), George Mathews, American judge (d. 1836)

October

* October 2 – Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d. 1837) * October 4 ** Francis Ommanney, British MP (d. 1840) ** Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815) * October 7 ** Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d. 1848) ** Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d. 1863) * October 8 ** Henry Duncan (minister), Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d. 1846) ** John Ely (representative), John Ely, American politician (d. 1849) ** Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d. 1856) *

– Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d. 1840) * October 12 ** George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d. 1836) ** Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d. 1842) ** Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d. 1841) * October 13 ** William Astell, English banker and politician (d. 1847) ** Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774), Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d. 1826) * October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829) * October 18 ** Adolf Müllner, German writer (d. 1829) ** Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d. 1852) * October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d. 1823) *

– Archibald Campbell (British Army officer, born 1774), Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838) * October 23 ** Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828) ** René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844) *

– Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853) * October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d. 1848) * October 28 ** John Boyle (congressman), John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 1835) ** Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d.

) * October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822) * October 30 ** Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d.

) ** Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

November

* November 1 ** Alexander Caldwell (Virginia judge), Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d. 1839) ** René Perin, French playwright (d. 1858) * November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d. 1832) * November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d. 1848) *

** Robert Allan (poet), Robert Allan, poet (d. 1841) ** Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859) ** Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d. 1848) ** John Warrock, American publisher (d. 1858) ** Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d.

) * November 5 ** William Berry (genealogist), William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851) ** Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d. 1854) * November 6 ** David Bevan (banker), David Bevan, banker (d. 1846) ** Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d. 1852) * November 7 ** Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d. 1848) ** Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851) * November 8 ** Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d. 1827) ** Robert Reid (architect), Robert Reid, British architect (d. 1856) * November 9 ** Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1846) ** Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d. 1849) *

– John Miller (New York politician), John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862) * November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d. 1842) * November 12 ** Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d. 1842) ** Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d. 1809) * November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851) * November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824) * November 18 ** William Horsley, English musician (d. 1858) ** Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1837) * November 19 – Vasile Moga, romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d.

) *

** Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d. 1841) ** Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d. 1839) * November 21 ** Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d. 1825) ** Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d. 1825) * November 24 – Thomas Dick (scientist), Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d. 1857) *

– Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d. 1837) *

** Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d.

) ** William Hunter (senator), William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d. 1849) ** Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d. 1842) *

– John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d. 1850) * November 28 ** Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1825) ** Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834) ** Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d. 1841) * November 29 ** Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d. 1861) ** Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

December

– Alexander Leith (British Army officer), Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859) * December 2 ** François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d. 1842) ** François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d. 1848) * December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d. 1850) * December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d. 1854) * December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d. 1835) * December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d. 1848) * December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853) * December 12 – William Henry (chemist), William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836) * December 13 ** Eline Heger, Danish actress (d. 1842) ** Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d. 1842) * December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807) * December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d. 1835) * December 17 ** Andrew Jukes (surgeon), Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d. 1821) ** Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d.

) * December 20 ** John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853) ** Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d. 1849) * December 21 ** John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d. 1841) ** James Ingram (academic), James Ingram, English academic (d. 1850) *

– Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844) * December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d. 1852) * December 27 ** Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d.

) ** Ephraim Hart (New York politician), Ephraim Hart, American politician (d. 1839) ** Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d. 1849) * December 28 ** Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817) ** Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d. 1854) * December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d. 1849) * December 31 – John Pringle (British Army officer), John Pringle, British Army officer (d. 1861) * ''date unknown'' – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)

Deaths

Caroline-Henriette of Hesse Darmstadt-f4578561

Zelfportret van Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn

Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2

Judge_Joseph_Gerrish_by_Copley,_Halifax,_Nova_Scotia

John_Joshua_Kirby_by_Thomas_Gainsborough_c

Johann_Jacob_Reiske_-_Imagines_philologorum

Paul_whitehead-The_poems_and_miscellaneous_compositions

January

** Thomas Hollis (1720–1774), Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720) ** Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704) * January 7 ** Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré, French archbishop (b. 1707) ** Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702) * January 9 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705) * January 13 ** Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683) ** John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739) * January 18 – Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711) * January 19 – Thomas Gillespie (minister), Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708) *

** Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729) **

, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717) ** James Lacy (actor), James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696) ** Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714) * January 22 – Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730) * January 29 – Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710) * January 30 ** Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702) ** František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704) * January 31 – Consort Yu (Borjigin), Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)

February

* February 1 – Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691) * February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701) * February 8 – Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg (second creation), Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699) * February 17 – Robert Jones (died 1774), Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704) * February 18 – Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711) * February 25 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704) * February 27 – Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697) * February 28 – Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)

March

* March 1 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (b. 1706) * March 2 – William Talbot (1717–1774), William Talbot, English evangelical clergyman (b. 1717) * March 3 – Andrew Oliver, American merchant and public official (b. 1706) * March 4 – William Boys (Royal Navy officer), William Boys, Royal Navy officer (b. 1700) * March 5 – Georg Joachim Mark, German theologian (b. 1726) * March 7 – Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini, Catholic cardinal (b. 1683) *

– William Browne (physician), William Browne, English physician (b. 1692) * March 18 – Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, British politician (b. 1714) * March 19 – Lucas Ramírez Galán, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1715) * March 21 – Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete, Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b. 1696) * March 25 ** Spencer Cowper (priest), Spencer Cowper, Dean of Durham Cathedral (b. 1713) ** Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1704) ** Zeynep Sultan, ottoman princess, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (b. 1720) * March 30 – Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1721)

April

* April 1 – Claudius Amyand (MP), Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718) * April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728) * April 5 – Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700) * April 11 – Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695) * April 15 ** Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718) ** Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690) *

– John Winslow (British Army officer), John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703) * April 18 ** Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700) ** Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708) * April 20 ** Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729) ** Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703) * April 23 ** Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723) ** Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712) * April 24 – Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745) * April 25 – John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728) * April 26 – Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724) * April 28 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689) * April 29 – Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)

May

* May 1 – William Hewson (surgeon), William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739) * May 3 – Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698) * May 4 ** Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714) ** Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697) ** Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707) * May 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704) * May 8 – Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694) *

** King Louis XV of France (b. 1710) ** Timothy Woodbridge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (b. 1709) ** Louis XV, Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre (b. 1710) * May 12 – Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709) *

– Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716) * May 18 – William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698) * May 23 – Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744) * May 26 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)

June

* June 3 – Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709) * June 7 ** Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689) ** Charles Townley (officer of arms), Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713) * June 11 – Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707) * June 15 – Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690) * June 18 – Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718) * June 20 – Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716) * June 24 – Thomas Amory (tutor), Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701) * June 27 – Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688) * June 29 – Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)

July

* July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, British politician (b. 1705) * July 4 – William Price (High Sheriff), William Price, Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1690) * July 8 – Brooke Forester, British politician (b. 1717) * July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b. 1714) * July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b. 1715) * July 13 – Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist (b. 1716) * July 14 ** Matthew Blakiston, British politician (b. 1702) ** James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish officer in the British Army (b. 1682) * July 17 – Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b. 1711) * July 18 ** Sir Thomas Alston, 5th Baronet, English Baronet and MP (b. 1724) ** Thomas Fitch (governor), Thomas Fitch, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1700) *

– Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond, Irish earl (b. 1723) * July 24 ** Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, British baroness; eldest of the Lennox sisters (b. 1723) ** Johann George Schmidt, architect from Germany (b. 1707) * July 25 – John Drummond (1723–1774), John Drummond, British private banker and politician (b. 1723) * July 27 – Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German physician, botanist, and explorer (b. 1744)

August

* August 10 ** William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702) ** Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719) * August 11 ** Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693) ** Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722) * August 13 – Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709) * August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716) * August 20 – Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716) * August 21 – Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724) * August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714) * August 26 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)

September

– Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706) * September 10 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694) * September 16 – Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720) * September 18 – Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724) * September 22 ** Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703) ** Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690) ** Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705) * September 24 – Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726) * September 25 ** John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714) ** Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696) ** Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)

October

* October 2 – Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman catholic bishop (b. 1698) * October 8 – Philippe Caffieri (1714–1774), Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714) * October 11 – Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699) * October 12 – Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753) * October 13 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704) * October 15 – Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719) * October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750) * October 22 – William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718) * October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715) * October 27 – Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686) * October 28 – Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728) * October 29 – Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703) * October 31 ** Thomas Hunt (Arabic scholar), Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696) ** Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)

November

* November 1 – Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732) * November 3 – Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702) * November 5 ** Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731) ** Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722) ** John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729) * November 6 – Thomas Bradshaw (MP), Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733) * November 13 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708) *

– Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695) * November 16 – Francis Owen (politician), Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745) * November 17 – Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709) *

– Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705) * November 21 – Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705) * November 22 ** Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725) ** Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712) * November 23 – Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708) *

– Henry Baker (naturalist), Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698) * November 28 – Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688) * November 29 – Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687) *

** John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750) ** Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)

December

* December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720) * December 5 – Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756) * December 13 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711) * December 16 ** Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723) ** François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694) ** Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726) * December 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716) * December 19 – Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708) * December 20 – Paul Whitehead (satirist), Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710) * December 21 – Thomas Broughton (writer), Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704) *

– Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701) * December 24 – Peter Fenger (1719–1774), Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719) * December 26 ** Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742) ** Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745) * December 27 ** Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700) ** Francis Wollaston (scientist), Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694) * December 29 ** Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730) ** Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697) * December 30 – Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688) * December 31 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694) * ''date unknown'' ** Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason ** Margaret Calderwood, British people, British diarist (b. 1715) ** Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

Further reading